Tone (In Writing) Definition and Examples

In composition, tone is the expression of a writers attitude toward subject, audience, and self. Tone is primarily conveyed in writing through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality. Etymology: From the Latin, string, a stretching In  Writing: A Manual for the Digital Age,  David Blakesley and Jeffrey L. Hoogeveen make a simple distinction between style and tone: Style refers to the overall flavor and texture created by the writers word choices and sentence structures. Tone is an attitude toward the events of the story—humorous, ironic, cynical, and so on. In practice, theres a close connection between style and tone. Tone and Persona In Thomas S. Kanes The New Oxford Guide to Writing, If persona is the complex personality implicit in the writing, tone is a web of feelings stretched throughout an essay, feelings from which our sense of the persona emerges. Tone has three main strands: the writers attitude toward subject, reader, and self. Each of these determinants of tone is important, and each has many variations. Writers may be angry about a subject or amused by it or discuss it dispassionately. They may treat readers as intellectual inferiors to be lectured (usually a poor tactic) or as friends with whom they are talking. Themselves they may regard very seriously or with an ironic or an amused detachment (to suggest only three of numerous possibilities). Given all these variables, the possibilities of tone are almost endless. Tone, like persona, is unavoidable. You imply it in the words you select and in how you arrange them. Tone and Diction According to W. Ross Winterowd In his book, The Contemporary Writer, The main factor in tone is diction, the words that the writer chooses. For one kind of writing, an author may choose one type of vocabulary, perhaps slang, and for another, the same writer may choose an entirely different set of words....Even such small matters as contractions make a difference in tone, the contracted verbs being less formal: It is strange that the professor had not assigned any papers for three weeks.Its strange that the professor hadnt assigned any papers for three weeks. Tone in Business Writing Philip C. Kolin reminds us of how important it is to get the tone just right in business correspondence in Successful Writing at Work. He says, Tone in writing...can range from formal and impersonal (a scientific report) to informal and personal (an email to a friend or a how-to article for consumers). Your tone can be unprofessionally sarcastic or diplomatically agreeable. Tone, like style, is indicated in part by the words you choose.... The tone of your writing is especially important in occupational writing because it reflects the image you project to your readers and thus determines how they will respond to you, your work, and your company. Depending on your tone, you can appear sincere and intelligent or angry and uninformed.... The wrong tone in a letter or a proposal might cost you a customer. Sentence Sounds The following examples are from Dona Hickeys book, Developing a Written Voice where she quotes Lawrence Roger Thompson who was quoting Robert Frost. Robert Frost believed sentence tones (which he called sound of sense) are already there—living in the cave of the mouth. He considered them real cave things: they were before words were (Thompson 191). To write a vital sentence, he believed, we must write with the ear on the speaking voice (Thompson 159). The ear is the only true writer and the only true reader. Eye readers miss the best part. The sentence sound often says more than the words (Thompson 113). According to Frost: Only when we are making sentences so shaped [by spoken sentence tones] are we truly writing. A sentence must convey a meaning by tone of voice and it must be the particular meaning the writer intended. The reader must have no choice in the matter. The tone of voice, and its meaning must be in black and white on the page (Thompson 204). In writing, we cant indicate body language, but we can control how sentences are heard. And it is through our arrangement of words into sentences, one after another, that we can approximate some of the intonation in speech that tells our readers not only information about the world but also how we feel about it, who we are in relationship to it, and who we think our readers are in relationship to us and the message we want to deliver. Novelist Samuel Butler once said, We are not won by arguments that we can analyze but by the tone and temper, by the manner which is the man himself. Sources Blakesley, David and Jeffrey L. Hoogeveen. Writing: A Manual for the Digital Age. Cengage, 2011. Hickey, Dona. Developing a Written Voice. Mayfield, 1992. Kane, Thomas S. The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988. Kolin, Philip C. Successful Writing at Work, Concise Edition. 4th ed., Cengage, 2015. Winterowd, W. Ross. The Contemporary Writer: A Practical Rhetoric. 2nd ed., Harcourt, 1981.

Lupus Informative Speech Essay - 1027 Words

Lupus is known as â€Å"the cruel mystery† in the world of disease/medicine. 1.5 million Americans are currently diagnosed with Lupus, with the number possibly being a lot higher since it is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose in the WORLD (5 Million some form of Lupus) B. Relevance: You might ask why should I care? How does this affect me or what is it exactly? Well the truth is that most people don’t realize they have Lupus. It so difficult to diagnose it is know as the â€Å"great imitator† since it resembles a variety of other diseases. C. Credibility statement: I may not look like an expert of any sort, but I have personally seen how this disease takes over the body in my own grand-mother. D. Central idea: Lupus is a disease of†¦show more content†¦Retrieved from http://www.lupus.org/answers/entry/what-is-lupus 3. Let me remind you that although these different types sound different, they all have the same painful symptoms. It’s difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of Lupus, because even healthy people experience these symptoms. Transition to 2nd main point: Now that we’ve talked about what Lupus is and its different types, now we’re going to talk about its causes and symptoms. (Point #2) B. Point #2: Sometimes the symptoms of Lupus help narrow down the possibility of whether one has Lupus or not because there is not one single, sure fire cause of Lupus that is known. 1. Most experts can agree that there are a number of factors that cause it; the causes of Lupus are from a combination of genetics and the environment. Sometimes people inherit what is called a â€Å"genetic predisposition† which means that they inherit the chance to eventually develop it. It is very hard to pinpoint one single source of cause that triggers Lupus like I mentioned before. Things in the environment like UV rays from the sun, or unrelated things like an infection or a pregnancy can trigger it. The symptoms of Lupus range from Extreme fatigue, headaches, photosensitivity, pain/swollen joints, and one clear indicator being a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheek or nose. 2. Makover, M. Zieve, D. (2011, February 14). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved JulyShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Communication Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes about 20 people and its a conference or meeting for discussion or training Webinar: has proximally 20 people and its a seminar conducted over the internet. Lecturer: contains about i0+ people and it’s an educational talk to an audience, the speech can be very long. Media: TV programmes: is a state of satisfaction intended for broadcasts all over the world. Newspapers: is a daily or weekly printed publication made up of installed sheets and including news advertisements articles etc... Websites:Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism2966 Words   |  12 Pagesis important that those in the care of an autistic individual to be very mindful and not make assumptions. In today’s world Albert Einstein would have been diagnosed with autism. Although, he was a very bright individual, he had difficulty in his speech and learning in school. The reason may have been because he did not have different teaching styles that many autistic children need. There are numerous procedures done in the process diagnosing an individual with autism one being the M-CHAT. Each

Agile Lifecycle & Waterfall Model Lifecycle-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Choose two Methodologies from this list to compare and contrast, analysing the similarities and differences between them both. 3. Finally, identify how your chosen Methodologies and Processes relate to the project life cycle. Answers: Introduction Project management is a very crucial task. It is not easy to manage the project without identifying proper and relevant set of methodologies. Understanding methodologies of the project is one of the most important aspects attached with any project. These methodologies helps in managing the project in an effective way and helps in understanding the direction in which it is required to take the same. Hence, a report is developed which will help in understanding various methodologies of project management and evaluation will be done that how the selected methodology will help in project life cycle. 1.Project Methodologies Project methodologies are the methods which are being adopted by the project managers to ensure that the most possible as well as effective way could be chosen so as to complete the project with quality (Geraldi Sderlund, 2017). Project methodologies helps in defining the project principles and helps in ensuring that the project on which the team is working should move on the right direction. Types Of Project Methodologies Project management requires that the right decision should be made in the same manner it is necessary that appropriate project methodology should be used by the project manager. There are various set of project methodologies available on which it is required that a project manager should focus upon and should ensure that the right one should be used (Besner Hobbs, 2012). Choosing appropriate methodology for the project will help in completing the same in a proper way. In case if a project manager chooses the wrong methodology then it could be possible that the project could get impacted and it could go in the wrong direction. Therefore, various types of project methodologies are: Agile: It is method which helps in collaborating all the aspects and delivering the requirements of all types of works. Scrum: It is a method of enabling the small, cross functional, self managing team so as to deliver the requirements as soon as possible. Kanban: It is a method which helps in completing the project in a fast way and helps in increasing the visibility of the work which remains in progress (Wells, 2012). Lean: It is a method of selecting the most appropriate as well as short way to complete the project within the time period decided. Waterfall: It is a method in which full plan of the project is being prepared and then all the phases are executed. PRINCE2: It helps in controlling the project and managing the same in an effective way. PMIs PMBOK: It is a method in which universal standards are applied to the waterfall project management (Rozenes, 2011). 2.Comparison Between Agile And Waterfall Agile as well as Waterfall model both works towards to manage the project in an effective as well as in the most appropriate way. Both the methods are used to ensure that the project should be completed within the deadlines as proper planning is done in both the methods so as to compare the project with quality. Agile method includes all set of aspects which are required to be taken into consideration for the project. It will help in developing standards for the project and managing the same accordingly (Mller, 2015). Waterfall method of project management is a traditional method which helps in planning the whole project and helps in executing all the phases in a systematic way. 3.Agile lifecycle Agile model lifecycle helps in understanding and determining the lifecycle of a project. In this decision is made so as to initiate the project, then the requirements are being determined, then high level requirements are being understood (Ginsberg, 2016). Then the stages of project lifecycle occur in which development of the project is done according to the plans made. (Geraldi Sderlund, 2017) Waterfall Model Lifecycle There are certain stages involved in waterfall model lifecycle in which requirement of the project are evaluated, then designing is done, then plans are implemented, then verification is done and at the last maintenance is done. (Besner Hobbs, 2012) Conclusion At the end it could be concluded that managing project is an important aspect in which it is required that a proper and appropriate set of methodologies should be chosen. Choosing appropriate methodology will help in completing the project in an effective way. It is required that comparison between the methodologies should be taken into consideration before making any decision to implement the same for the completion of the project References Besner, C., Hobbs, B. (2012). An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison Among Project Types.Project Management Journal,43(5), 24-46. Geraldi, J., Sderlund, J. (2017). Project studies: What it is, where it is going.International Journal Of Project Management,23, 138-139. Ginsberg, N. (2016). Determining the context of an international development project.The Journal Of Developing Areas,50(5), 431-442. Ginsberg, N. (2016). Determining the context of an international development project.The Journal Of Developing Areas,50(5), 431-442. Mller, R. (2015). The Migration of Methodologies for Project Management Research.Project Management Journal,46(2), 3-5. Rozenes, S. (2011). The Impact of Project Management Methodologies on Project Performance.International Journal Of Information Technology Project Management,2(2), 64-7

4 Interview Tips for Recent Grads

4 Interview Tips for Recent Grads You’ve spent countless hours updating and refining your resume. You’ve written the perfect, keyword-optimized cover letter. Now you sit back and wait for the calls to start coming in, right? Not so fast. One more thing stands in the way of you and the perfect job? The interview. But do you even know where to begin when it comes to preparing for an interview? Let’s break down a few four tips designed to help recent grads gain an inside edge. 1. Practice Makes PerfectGoing into an interview â€Å"blind† is a recipe for disaster. Even if you skate through without any major catastrophes, it’s still a missed opportunity. Rather than winging it, take time in advance to research frequently asked questions in your area, and to prepare a rough outline of your response.Avoid writing down answers word for word - this can result in a â€Å"canned† delivery. Instead, jot down key ideas and concepts. Then, enlist a family member or friend to practice with you.If possible, record your practice sessions. Understanding how you look and sound during the interview can help you take corrective action, if necessary.2. Do Your ResearchIn an era in which data is literally at your fingertips, the rules have changed when it comes to understanding an organization. It’s no longer considered merely advantageous to demonstrate knowledge of a company and its mission, products and services. It’s a necessity. In short, there’s no quicker way to tell employers that you simply don’t care than by walking into an interview without this easily obtainable information.Working this knowledge into the conversation can take some skill - after all, the goal is not the simple regurgitation of facts - but the results can have significant payoffs in demonstrating your capacity to make a contribution.3. Be Prepared to Be SpecificCompetency-based questions are increasingly popular with hiring managers. Why? Because any candidate can lay claim to desirable skills, talent and experience on a resume. Of more importance to today’s employers? The demonstrated ability to use these attributes in meaningful ways.Expect to be asked to share examples of times when you’ve exemplified time management, problem solving, and other sought-after â€Å"soft† skills. Be prepared to respond with detailed examples which serve as concrete evidence of these competencies.4. Have Questions of Your OwnToo many interviewees respond to the interviewer’s question of, â€Å"Do you have any questions for me?† with the unsatisfying response of, â€Å"No, I think I’m good.†Interviews work both ways: not only is the interview an opportunity for the employer to get a better sense of a potential candidate, but it’s also an opportunity for you to get a better sense of potential employers. Don’t waste it. Instead, go into the interview with a list of questions which can help you further un derstand what it’s like to work for the company and/or if the job is a good fit. Asking smart, tailored questions also helps you stand out to hiring managers.With countless candidates looking to land the best jobs, it’s essential for new grads to position themselves for success. Rather than thinking of the interview process as an afterthought, leverage it into an opportunity to show employers why you’re the right one for the position.

educational leadership trends Essay Example

educational leadership trends Essay Example educational leadership trends Essay educational leadership trends Essay Educational Leadership Trends Todays school principals, assistant principals and administratorsface a quickly- changing educational environment. Keeping up with the latest educational trends is an important aspect of effective leadership. Just as professionals in every industry must anticipate whats coming next to stay ahead of the competition, principals must study educational trends and keep their skills and knowledge updated. Its clear: when the principal falls behind, students are more likely to follow suit. Managing trends can be tricky. Its not easy to differentiate a passing fad from a valuable new ay to communicate. And it seems that every week, the next big thing to improve the business of educating students comes along. But its also true that many trends have great value and real staying power. One example is the Internet first dismissed by some which has been embraced by nearly all educators. Currently emerging trends like social media, the increasing use of technologyand performance- based teacher pay, could also be here to stay. So why not brush up on whats happening now in the fast-paced world of education? Principals: Expand Your Network Through Twitter Twitter is a great way for principals to develop relationships with supporters, fellow educators and even news organizations. Creating an account is easy and with a few keystrokes, you can connect with education professionals from coast to coast and around the world. Imagine developing a relationship with a principal in France and arranging for a Skype presentation to your French classes! Interactions like this take place every day in classrooms across the country. Does Your School Have a Blog? Blogging is another method to advance your profile as a principal. The main purpose f writing a blog is providing interesting and useful information to your audience; a common side effect is that a sense of community is created. Interacting with parents and teachers through a blog is one of the best ways to communicate your message while you discover what your audience is really thinking. Communicate Quickly Through Text Messages Text messaging to students and parents cell phones is an instant way to convey important, time-sensitive information. School emergencies and weather-related delays can be announced directly to the people who need to know whats happening. Clearly, social media is not going away. Principals who embrace these tools can improve communication and expand resources available to students. Another Emerging Trend: Aligning Teacher Pay with Positive Outcomes The Obama administration is providing over one billion dollars to The Teacher Incentive Fund, which it hopes will increase the number of top-notch teachers in the nations neediest classrooms. Through school reforms like performance pay for teachers, some believe educators will work harder to achieve results. Teachers might receive bonuses for mentoring their peers, improving student achievement or teaching in troubled schools. Several states and the District of Columbia are launching new regulations to tie teacher salaries to student test scores or other merit-based pay plans. The idea is not without controversy; teachers unions are fighting performance well planned. But with states Wing for federal dollars that require merit pay, its one educational trend thats likely to stick around at least in the near term. The Trend Toward Increasing Technology in the Classroom Harnessing the increasing availability of high-tech tools will be vital to delivering quality education to upcoming generations of students. Major educational trends hat principals need to keep up with include increasing use of computers and the Internet in the classroom, unprecedented access to mobile computing devices and preparing teachers to take advantage of educational technology. The classroom can now come to any computer anywhere, facilitating learning through 2417 access to lectures, how-to videos and podcasts. Another great way to support distance learning is by sharing presentations through sites like Slideshare. And online interactive whiteboards make it easy for students and teachers to collaborate, no matter where they might be. Education: Current Trends and Issues Print Collect It! Email By G. Olsen I M. L. Fuller Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Updated on Jul 20, 2010 As we have seen, public policy can drive the issues that create a cultural climate looking for change. Several issues that are finding platforms for discussion among politicians, teachers, and communities could provoke changes in the next few years. The trends we currently see in family support services are: States adopting a variety of tax credits for working families giving them help with childcare and in-home care expenses (Hirschhorn Donahue, 2006) Family-leave policies, allowing both parents pportunities to spend time with newborn babies in the early formative years of infancy Flexible work schedules and Job-sharing opportunities for parents who want to continue on their career path Internet and media control legislation to assure parents that children will not view or find inappropriate materials while using these media for learning Improvement in the quality and availability of infant and toddler care Educational trends and research that we will see in the coming years include: Standards-based education, focusing on outcomes for student learning (Schumacher, Irish, Lombardi, 2003) Full-day kindergarten providing more time for in-class experiential learning (Walston West, 2004) Research on the economic impact of the chil d-care industry and its effect on the local community; employment needs are identified to maintain a workforce (Rolnick Grunewald, 2003). Prekindergarten opportunities for every four-year-old in the United States, the universal Pre-K movement (Pre[K] Now, 2006) National School Readiness Indicators Initiative, creating a set of measurable indicators defining school readiness (Getting Ready, February 005) Quality Rating Systems, a system of rating the quality of child-care programs that is tied to incentives and reimbursement rates (NCCIC, June 2002) TEACH, professional development for early-care and early-education teachers tied to education and training incentives (TEACH, 2004) Early childhood assessment, looking at appropriate assessments spurred on by the debate surrounding the Head Start National Reporting System assessment (Horton Bowman, 2001). Gubernatorial used in measuring the quality of early childhood programs (Harms, Clifford, Cryer, 1998)

Chpter 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chpter 5 - Essay Example In this case, ACM’s code forms the basis of explaining ethical issues due to its big membership spread across most of the countries in the world. The code epitomizes the fundamental principles of TQM such as trustworthiness, integrity and honoring commitments. Overall, the ACM’s code has 24 principles that determine ethics in a situation. The rise of the internet has brought new forms of crimes such as cyber-bullying and identity theft. However, one approach of preventing issues such as identity theft includes awareness that allows an individual to monitor their online activities. In this case, it is important for an individual to be aware of issues such as online scams, spam emails that steal one’s identity, the right software to use online, and information to share  over the internet. Security is pertinent in an issue that involves buying and selling products online. Businesses and customers should know that the failure to remain vigilant was expensive and ca used unanticipated losses. Apparently, web-based security attacks have been on the rise, and there is no sign of them ending soon. In this case,  criminals create  Trojans, malware, spywares, worms, adware, and botnets  to steal information and compromise internet users. However, simple Antivirus software can help an individual ensure that they did not compromise their security while using any software they did not trust the source. Conversely, it is important to buy, or download, antivirus from trusted sources since the internet has antivirus programs that are compromised. Finally, it is important to ensure that an individual observed measures that enhanced the privacy of their data online. With the rise of the social networks, it is important for users to observe the amount of information they released to people in their network. In addition, users should also ensure that they effectively used the privacy setting on these sites to protect their data. On the other hand, an en cryption key is crucial to secure data mostly in institutions such as banks to ensure that data was not available to unauthorized people. While all these measures are useful, security issues remain an area of concern online with hackers devising innovative approaches to steal data. One such ingenious approach is phishing, which lures people to provide their credit card information to hackers and cyber thieves who use the information. Nonetheless, different approaches can prevent an individual from such activities although it is important for individuals to present such information to authorities who will investigate the phishing issue. To protect an individual from phishing, simple toolbars such as Netcraft Toolbar can protect a user from dangerous links. In addition, it is important for internet users to ensure that they visited secure sites by conducting a simple check on the address bar. Finally, creating a back up for all files will protect a user in case their systems were comp romised. Ex. 2: Recent Internet Scam In one of the latest internet scams, internet users are getting email messages purportedly from Microsoft. In this case, the email from the address privacy@microsoft.com is a design by a phisher to steal passwords of email users. In this case, the scam targets AOL, Gmail, Yahoo, and Windows Live email addresses with a view of stealing the usernames and passwords of users (Li). The subject of the

Ethics and moral character Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and moral character - Essay Example As a business man his primary motive was never to amass maximum profit. On the other hand, he held that â€Å"it is the function of business to produce for consumption and not for money and speculation† (Johannes 7). Thus, he was never moved by the money motive and he brought about revolutionary changes in the twentieth century American industrial culture through such radical measures as the introduction of high wages, lower prices and increased buying power. One of the distinguishing characteristics of Ford’s business ethics was his strong belief that business should not be solely aimed at making profit. On the other hand, he held that one should maintain business ethics in all his/her enterprises keeping in mind the demands and needs of individuals and society. Once Henry Ford himself stated that â€Å"for a long time people believed that the only purpose of industry is to make a profit. They are wrong. Its purpose is to serve the general welfare† (Ciulla 31). Similarly, good business leaders should not be egocentric; they should not be moved by ego but by reason. Henry Ford was a genuine and brilliant leader who was never overtly flattered by success but who always welcomed legitimate contributions from others.